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OUTLINE   HANDBOOK 


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The  Life  of  Christ 


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^STEVENS    AND    BURTON 


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THE    BLAKESLEE   BIBLE   STUOy   SERmSL  ^^  -^ 

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Edited  by  Rev.  Erastus  Blake^^^  ^ 

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AN  OUTLINE  HANDBOOK 

OK 

The  Life  of  Christ 


FROM  THE   FOUR   GOSPELS 


With 


AVM.   ARNOLD   STEVENS 

f^essor  of  New  Testainefit  Interpretation  in  the  Rochester  Theological 
Se7ninary 


ERNEST    DE    WITT    BURTON 
Professor  of  New  Testament  Interpretation  in  the  University  of  Chicago 


BOSTON 

THE   BIBLE   STUDY   PUBLISHING    CO. 

1892 


IN    PREPARATION. 

An  Analytical  Harmony  of  the  Gospel  History  in  the  text  of  the 
Revised  Version,  arranged  in  accordance  with  the  Analytical  Outline 
of  The  Life  of  Christ  on  pp.  8-19  of  this  Handbook. 


Copyright,  iScjS,  by 
The  Bible  Study  Publishing  Company. 


PRESS    OF    SAMUEL    USHER,     BOSTON,     MASS. 


PREFACE 

There  is  a  growing  conviction  that  the  Life  of  Christ  should  be 
made  the  beginning  and  the  basis  of  Biblical  study,  the  subject  of 
the  child's  earliest  lesson  and  of  the  thinker's  profoundest  thought. 
Christian  thought  and  faith  alike  have  always  found  their  proper 
centre  in  the  person  and  redemptive  work  of  Jesus  of  Nazareth.  In 
the  words  of  the  apostle  Paul,  "  Other  foundation  can  no  man  lay 
than  that  which  is  laid,  which  is  Jesus  Christ."  The  special  endeavor 
of  the  Christian  church  in  our  day  has  been  to  verify  for  itself  and 
seize  with  a  firmer  grasp  the  historic  facts  that  form  the  basis  of  its 
faith  and  life. 

The  study  of  the  Life  of  Christ  means  simply  the  historical  study 
of  the  four  gospels.  The  events  they  narrate  are  to  be  studied  as 
history  in  their  chronological  sequence  and  in  their  organic  connec- 
tion. This  Handbook  is  designed  to  promote  work  on  these  lines, 
not  only  in  colleges  and  theological  schools,  but  in  clubs  for  private 
study,  and  in  Bible  classes  of  all  grades.  It  is  not  a  textbook,  but 
is  intended  to  aid  in  using  the  fourfold  gospel  as  a  textbook. 

The  chief  portion  for  practical  use,  and  that  upon  which  by  far  the 
greater  portion  of  our  labor  has  been  expended,  is  the  Analytical 
Outline,  occupying  pages  8  to  19.  It  aims  not  only  to  exhibit  the 
framework  of  the  gospel  narrative  as  a  whole,  and  to  set  forth  the 
events  in  somewhat  their  true  order,  but  also  to  classify  the  whole 
body  of  material  in  a  form  most  convenient  for  historical  study. 
Subsidiary  helps  for  the  same  purpose  are  furnished  in  the 
accompanying  explanations  and  tables. 

The  nine  Parts  into  which  the  Outline  is  divided  represent,  we 
believe,  the  main  natural  divisions  of  our  Lord's  life  and  ministry. 

3 


4  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

Thus  laid  open,  the  gospel  story  will  be  read  with  a  clearer  under- 
standing. The  ordinary  division,  depending  upon  more  or  less 
definite  calendar  dates,  is  not  derived  from  the  narrative  itself,  but 
imposed  upon  it  from  without.  In  order  that  we  may  frame  a  true 
historical  background  for  the  narrative,  it  is  indeed  necessary  to 
locate  its  events  approximately  in  the  course  of  the  general  world- 
history,  and  this  the  gospels  themselves  enable  us  to  do.  But  the 
assignment  of  exact  dates  to  specific  events,  and  the  construction 
of  a  detailed  chronology,  while  it  has  its  value  as  a  working  theory, 
is  at  the  best  hypothetical,  and  not  necessary  for  the  more  important 
problems  with  which  Biblical  interpretation  has  to  deal.  On  page  37, 
the  chronological  scheme  which  many  authorities  have  favored,  and 
which  we  have  adopted  in  teaching,  is  presented  in  connection  with 
the  Part  divisions  of  our  Analytical  Outline.  On  the  use  to  be  made 
of  the  Chapter  and  Section  divisions,  see  suggestions  as  to  a 
Method  of  Study  on  pages  34-36. 

In  the  Analytical  Outline  certain  passages  of  narrative  material  are 
repeated  in  order  to  represent  both  the  historical  order  of  events  and 
the  paragraph  structure  intended  by  the  evangelist.  This  repetition 
is  in  every  instance  indicated  by  brackets.  Single  brackets  indicate 
a  passage  standing  in  its  historical  position,  but  detached  from  its 
logical  connection  in  the  evangelist's  narrative.  Double  brackets 
indicate  a  passage  detached  from  its  historical  position,  but  retaining 
the  logical  connection  given  by  the  evangelist. 

It  should  be  added  that  the  general  editor,  Mr.  Blakeslee,  has 
taken  so  considerable  a  part  in  perfecting  the  method  and  nomencla- 
ture of  the  Handbook,  that  he  may  also  be  regarded  as  its  joint 

author. 

Wm.  Arnold  Stevens. 

Ernest  De  Witt  Burton. 
December,  1892. 


CONTENTS. 


Map  of  Palestine  in  the  Time  of  Christ 

Principal  Divisions   of  The  Life  of  Christ  .         ,         .         .         . 

Analytical  Outline  of  The  Life  of  Christ  .         .         .         .         . 

Index  to  the  Analytical  Outline         .,...„. 
Sayings  of  Christ  assigned  by  the  Evangelists  to  more  than  one  occasion 

Method  of  Study 

Principal  Divisions,  with  Calendar  dates    ..... 
Leading  Events  of  Jewish  History  from  536  B.C.  to  A.D.   70    . 
Diagram  of  the  History  of  Palestine  from  37  B.C.  to  A.D.  66 
Books  recommended  for  Reference  and  Study 


PAGE 

6 


24 
34 
37 
38 
41 
42 


PRINCIPAL    DIVISIONS 

OF 

The   Like   ok   Chrisx. 


Part  I.  — THE    THIRTY    YEARS    OF    PRIVATE    LIFE:    From  the 
Birth  of  Jesus  until  the  Coming  of  John  the  Baptist. 

Part  II.  — THE    OPENING   EVENTS   OF   CHRIST'S    MINISTRY: 

From  the  Coming  of  John  the  Baptist  until  the  Public  Appearance 
of  Jesus  in  Jerusalem. 

Part  III.  — THE     EARLY    JUDEAN     MINISTRY:   From   the   Public 
Appearance  of  Jesus  in  Jerusalem  until  his  Return  to  Galilee. 

Part  IV.  — FIRST     PERIOD     OF     THE    GALILEAN    MINISTRY: 

From  the  Return  to  Galilee  until  the  Choosing  of  the  Twelve. 

Part  v.  — SECOND    PERIOD    OF    THE    GALILEAN    MINISTRY: 

From  the  Choosing  of  the  Twelve  until  the  Withdrawal  into  North- 
ern Galilee. 

Part  VL  — THIRD    PERIOD     OF    THE    GALILEAN    MINISTRY: 

From  the  Withdrawal  into  Northern  Galilee  until  the  Final  Depart- 
ure for  Jerusalem. 

Part  VII.  — THE  PEREAN  MINISTRY:    From  the  Final  Departure  from 
Galilee  until  the  Final  Arrival  in  Jerusalem. 

Part  VIII.  —  THE    PASSION    WEEK  :   From  the  Final  Arrival  in  Jerusa- 
lem until  the  Resurrection. 

Part  IX.  —  THE    FORTY    DAYS  :    From  the  Resurrection  to  the  Ascension. 

7 


Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

ANALYTICAL    OUTLINE 

OF 

The   Lifk   ok   Christ, 

FROM   THE   FOUR   GOSPELS. 


ARRANGED    IN    PARTS,    CHAPTERS,    AND    SECTIONS. 
[For  the  use  of  brackets  and  double  brackets  in  this  Outline,  see  Preface.] 

PART    I. 

THE   THIRTY  YEARS   OF   PRIVATE   LIFE: 

From  the  Birth  of  Jesus  until  the  Coming  of  John  the  Baptist. 


Chapter  I.    Introductory. 

ic  Prologue  of  John's  gospel. 

Jo.  I :  i-i{ 

2.  Preface  of  Luke's  gospel. 

Lu.  I  :  1-4. 

3.  The  two  genealogies. 

Mt.  1:1-17.  Lu.  3:23-38. 


Chapter  II.    The  Annunciations. 

4.  Birth  of  John  the  Baptist  promised. 

Lu.  I  :  5-25. 

5.  The  annunciation  to  Mary. 

Lu.  I  :  26-38. 

6.  The  annunciation  to  Joseph. 

Mt.  I  :  18-25. 

7.  Mary's  visit  to  Elizabeth. 

Lu.  1 :  39-56. 


Analytical  Outline.  9 

Chapter  III.    Birth  of  John  the  Baptist  and  of  Jesus. 

8.  Birth  of  John  the  Baptist. 

Lu.  1 :  57-80. 

9.  Birth  of  Jesus  the  Christ. 

[Mt.  I  :  18-25.]  Lu.  2:  1-7. 

10.  The  angels  and  the  shepherds. 

Lu.  2 :  8-20. 

Chapter  IV.    The  Infancy  of  Jesus. 

11.  The  circumcision. 

Lu.  2 :  21. 

12.  The  presentation  in  the  Temple. 

Lu.  2 :  22-39. 

13.  The  Wise  Men  from  the  East. 

Mt.  2:  1-12. 

14.  The  flight  into  Egypt  and  return  to  Nazareth. 

Mt.  2:  13-23. 

Chapter  V.    Jesus'  liife  in  Nazareth. 1 

15.  Childhood  at  Nazareth. 

[Mt.  2:23.]  Lu.  2:  [39]  40. 

16.  Visit  to  Jerusalem  when  twelve  years  old. 

Lu.  2 :  41-50. 

17.  Eighteen  years  at  Nazareth. 

Lu.  2:51,  52. 

PART    II. 

THE   OPENING   EVENTS   OF   CHRIST'S   MINISTRY: 

From  the  Coming  of  John  the  Baptist  until  the  Public  Appearance  of 
Jesus  in  Jerusalem. 

Chapter  VI.    The  Beginning  of  the  Gospel. 

18.  The  ministry  of  John  the  Baptist. 

Mt.  3  :  1-12.  Mk.  I  :  i-S.  Lu.  3  :  1-17  [18]. 

19.  The  baptism  of  Jesus. 

Mt.  3:13-17.  Mk.  1:9-11.        Lu.  3:21,  22. 

20.  The  temptation  in  the  wilderness. 

Mt.  4:  i-li.  Mk.  I:  12,  13.      Lu.  4:  1-13. 

^  Some  hints  as  to  the  circumstances  of  Jesus'  life  in  Nazareth  are  found  in  the  following 
passages:  Mt.  13:  54-58;  Mk.  6:  1-5;  Jo.  i:  46;  Jo.  7  :  5. 


lo  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

Chapter  VII.    The  Beginnings  of  Faith. 

2  1.  John's  testimony  before  the  priests  and  Levites. 

2  2.  Jesus  the  Lamb  of  God. 

23.  The  first  three  disciples. 

24.  Philip  and  Nathanael. 

25.  The  first  miracle  :  water  made  wine. 

26.  Sojourn  in  Capernaum. 


Jo.  I  :  19-28. 
Jo.  I  :  29-34. 
Jo.  I  :  35-42. 

Jo.  1:43-51- 
Jo.  2  :  l-ll. 
Jo.  2:12. 


PART    III. 

THE   EARLY   JUDEAN   MINISTRY: 

From  the  Public  Appearance  of  Jesus  in  Jerusalem  until  his  Return 

TO  Galilee. 

Chapter  VIII.    The  Beginning  of  Christ's  Work  in  Jerusalem. 

27.  First  cleansing  of  the  Temple. 

Jo.  2:  13-22. 

28.  Discourse  with  Nicodemus. 

Jo.  2:  23—3:  21. 

Chapter  IX.    Period  of  Preaching  and  Baptizing  in  Judea. 

29.  Christ  baptizing  in  Judea. 

Jo.  3 :  22. 
[Jo.  4:  1,2.] 

30.  John's  testimony  to  Christ  at  ^non. 

Jo.  3  :  23-36. 

Chapter  X.    The  Tw^o  Days'  Ministry  in  Samaria. 

31.  The  departure  from  Judea. 

[Mt.4:i2.]  [Mk.  1:14.]  Jo.4:i-3. 

32.  Discourse  with  the  woman  of  Samaria. 

Jo.  4 :  4-26. 

33.  The  gospel  in  Sychar. 

Jo.  4 :  27-42, 


Analytical  Outline. 

PART  IV. 

FIRST   PERIOD   OF   THE   GALILEAN   MINISTRY: 

From  the  Return  to  Galilee  until  the  Choosing  of  the  Twelve. 


Cliapter  XI.    The  Beginning  of  Christ's  Work  in  Galilee. 

34.  Imprisonment  of  John  the   Baptist  and   beginning  of  Christ's 

GaHlean  Ministry. 

[Mt.  14:  3-5.]  [Mk.6:  17,  18.]      Lu.  3:  18-20. 

Mt.  4:i2[i7].        Mk.  1:14,  15.        Lu.  4:14,  15.     70.4:43-45. 

35.  The  nobleman's  son. 

Jo.  4 :  46-54. 

36.  First  rejection  at  Nazareth. 

Lu.  4  :  1 6-30. 

37.  Removal  to  Capernaum. 

Mt.  4:  13-16  £17].  Lu.  4:31a. 


Chapter  XII.    Call  of  the  Four,  and  the  First  Preaching  Tour. 

38.  The  call  of  the  Foui. 

Mt.  4:  18-22.  Mk.  I :  i6-2C.        Lu.  5  :  i-ii. 

39.  A  day  of  miracles  in  Capernaum. 

Mt.  8:14-17.  Mk.  1 :  21-34.        Lu.  4:  31/^-41. 

40.  First  preaching  tour  in  Galilee, 

[Mt.  4  :  23.1  Mk.  I  :  35-45.         Lu.  4  :  42-44. 

Mt.  8 :  [[l]]  2-4.  Lu.  5  :  12-16. 


Chapter  XIII.    Growing  Hostility  of  the  Scribes  and  Pharisees. 

41.  The  paralytic  borne  of  four. 

Mt.  9:  l[l]  2-8.      Mk.  2:  1-12.  Lu.  5  :  17-26. 

42.  The  call  of  Matthew. 

Mt.  9:9-13.  Mk.  2:13-17.  Lu.  5  :  27-32. 

43.  The  question  about  fasting. 

Mt.  9  :  14-17.  Mk.  2  :  18-22.  Lu.  5  :  33-39. 

44.  The  infirm  man  at  the  pool  of  Bethesda. 

Jo.  ch.  5. 

45.  The  disciples  plucking  grain. 

Mt.  12:  1-8.  Mk.  2:  23-28.  Lu.  6:  I-5. 

46.  The  man  with  the  withered  hand. 

Mt.  12:9-14.  Mk.3:i-6.  Lu.6:6-ii. 


12  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ 

PART    V. 

SECOND   PERIOD    OF   THE   GALILEAN   MINISTRY: 

From    the    Choosing    of    the    Twelve    until    the    Withdrawal    into 
Northern  Galilee. 


Chapter  XIV.    Organization  of  the  Kingdom. 

47.  The  widespread  fame  of  Christ. 

Mt.  4:  23-25. 

Mt.  12:  15-21.  Mk.  3:7-12.        [Lu.  6:  17-19.] 

48.  The  choosing  of  the  Twelve. 

[Mt.  10:  2-4.]  Mk.  3:  13-19^.     Lu.  6:  12-19. 

49.  The  sermon  on  the  mount. 

Mt.  chs.  5,  6,  7,  [8:  i].  Lu.  6:  20-49, 


Chapter  XV.    The  Second  Preaching  Tour. 

50.  The  centurion's  servant. 

Mt.  8:  5-13.  Lu.  7:  i-io. 

51.  The  raising  of  the  widow's  son  at  Nain. 

Lu.  7 :  11-17. 

52.  John  the  Baptist's  last  message. 

Mt.  II  :  2-19.  Lu.  7:18-35. 

53.  Anointing  of  Jesus  in  the  house  of  Simon  the  Pharisee. 

Lu.  7 :  36-50. 

54.  Christ's  companions  on  his  second  preaching  tour. 

Lu.  8 :  1-3. 

Chapter  XVI.    A  Day  of  Teaching  by  the  Sea  of  Galilee. 

55.  Warnings  to  the  scribes  and  Pharisees;  "an  eternal  sin." 

Mt.  12:  22-45.  Mk.  3:  19^-30.      Lu.  11  :  14-36. 

56.  The  true  kindred  of  Christ. 

Mt.  12:46-50.        Mk.  3:31-35.       Lu.  8:19-21. 

57.  The  parables  by  the  sea. 

Mt.  13:  1-53.  Mk.  4:  1-34.         Lu.  8:  4-18. 

Chapter  XVII.    A  Day  of  Miracles  by  the  Sea  of  Galilee. 

58.  The  stilling  of  the  tempest. 

Mt.  8  :  [18]  23-27.  Mk.  4 :  35-41.        Lu.  8  :  22-25. 


Analytical  Outline.  13 

59.  The  Gadarene  demoniacs. 

Mt.  8 :  28-34.  Mk.  5  :  1-20.  Lu.  8 :  26-39. 

60.  The  raising  of  Jairus's  daughter. 

Mt.  9:  [i]  18-26.   Mk.  5:  21-43.       Lu.  8:40-56. 

61.  The  two  blind  men,  and  the  dumb  demoniac. 

Mt.  9 :  27-34. 

Chapter  XVIII.    The  Third  Preaching  Tour. 

62.  Second  rejection  at  Nazareth. 

Mt.  13:  54-58.  Mk.  6:  i-ba. 

()2,-  Third  preaching  tour  continued. 
Mt.  9:35.  Mk.  6:6<J. 

64.  The  mission  of  the  Twelve. 

Mt.  9:36 — II:  I.    Mk.  6:7-13.        Lu.  9:1-6. 

65.  Death  of  John  the  Baptist. 

Mt.  14:  1-12.  Mk.  6:  14-29.        Lu.  9:  7-9. 

Chapter  XIX.    The  Crisis  at  Capernaum. 

66.  The  feeding  of  the  five  thousand. 

Mt.  14:  13-23.         Mk.  6:30-46.       Lu.  9:10-17.      Jo.  6:1-15. 

67.  Jesus  walking  on  the  water. 

Mt.  14:  24-36.         Mk.  6:  47-56.  Jo.  6:  16-21. 

6%.  Discourse  on  the  Bread  of  Life. 

Jo.  6 :  22-71. 

69.  Discourse  on  eating  with  unwashen  hands. 

Mt.  15 :  1-20.  Mk.  7:  1-23. 

PART    VI. 

THIRD   PERIOD   OF   THE   GALILEAN  MINISTRY: 

From    the    Withdrawal    into    Northern    Galilee    until    the    final 
Departure    for    Jerusalem. 

Chapter  XX.    The  First  Northern  Journey  for  Retirement. 

70.  Journey  toward  Tyre   and  Sidon ;    the  Syrophoenician  woman's 

daughter. 

Mt.  15  :  21-28.  Mk.  7 :  24-30. 

7 1 .  Return  through  Decapolis ;  many  miracles  of  healing. 

Mt.  15  :  29-31.         Mk.  7  :  31-37. 


14  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

Chapter  XXI.    A  Brief  Return  to  the  Sea  of  Galilee. 

72.  The  feeding  of  the  four  thousand. 

Mt.  15  :  32-38.         Mk.  8 :  1-9. 

73.  The  Pharisees  and  Sadducees  demanding  a  sign  from  heaven. 

Mt.  15:39 — 16:12.   Mk.  8:10-21. 

74.  The  blind  man  near  Bethsaida. 

Mk.  8 :  22-26. 


Chapter  XXII.    The  Second  Northern  Journey  for  Retirement. 

75.  Peter's  confession. 

Mt.  16:13-20.         Mk.  8:27-30.       Lu.  9:18-21. 

76.  Christ  foretells  his  death  and  resurrection. 

Mt.  16:21-28.        Mk.  8:31— 9:1.   Lu.  9:22-27. 

77.  The  transfiguration. 

Mt.  17  :  I-13.  Mk.  9  :  2-1 3.  Lu.  9  :  28-36. 

78.  The  demoniac  boy. 

Mt.  17:  14-20.''       Mk.  9:  14-29.        Lu.  9:  37-43^. 

79.  Christ  again  foretells  his  death  and  resurrection. 

Mt.  17  :  22,  23.         Mk.  9  :  30-32.        Lu.  9  :  431^-45. 

Chapter  XXIII.    In  Capernaum  again. 

80.  The  shekel  in  the  fish's  mouth. 

Mt.  17:24-27.       [Mk.  9:33«-] 

81.  Discourse  on  humility  and  forgiveness. 

Mt.  ch.  18.  Mk.  9  :  33-50.       Lu.  9  :  46-50. 


Chapter  XXIV.    An  Autumn  Visit  to  Jerusalem. 

82.  Christ  at  the  Feast  of  Tabernacles. 

Jo.  7:  1-52. 

83.  The  woman  taken  in  adultery. 

Jo.  7:  53—8:  It. 

84.  Discourse  on  the  Light  of  the  World. 

Jo.  8:  12-30. 

85.  Discourse  on  spiritual  freedom. 

Jo.  8:31-59. 

2  R.  V.  omits  Mt.  17:  21. 


Analytical  Outline.  15 

PART    VII. 

THE   PEREAN   MINISTRY: 

From  the  Final  Departure  from  Galilee  until  the  Final  Arrival  at 

Jerusalem. 

Chapter  XXV.     From  the   Departure  from   Galilee  until   after  the 
Feast  of  Dedication. 

86.  The  final  departure  from  Galilee. 

Mt.  19:1,2.  Mk.  10:  I.  Lu.  9:51-62. 

Mt.  8:|[i8]l  19-22. 

87.  The  mission  of  the  Seventy. 

Mt,  II:  20-30.  Lu.  10:  1-24. 


88.  The  good  Samaritan. 

89.  The  visit  to  Martha  and  Mary. 

90.  Healing  of  the  man  born  blind. 

91.  The  Good  Shepherd. 

92.  Christ  at  the  Feast  of  Dedication. 


Lu.  10:  25-37. 
Lu.  10:  38-42. 

Jo.  ch.  9. 

Jo.  10:  1-21. 

Jo.  10 :  22-42. 


Chapter  XXVI.    From  the  Feast  of  Dedication  until  after  the 
Withdrawal  to  Ephraini. 

Qi.  Discourse  on  prayer. 

^^  Lu.  11:1-13. 

94.  Woes  against  the  Pharisees,  uttered  at  a  Pharisee's  table. 

Lu.  11:37-54. 

95.  Warnings  against  the  spirit  of  Pharisaism. 

96.  The  Galileans  slain  by  Pilate. 

97.  The  woman  healed  on  a  sabbath. 

98.  The  question  whether  few  are  saved. 

99.  Reply  to  the  warning  against  Herod. 
100.  Discourse  at  a  chief  Pharisee's  table. 


Lu.  13: 1-9. 
Lu.  13:  10-21. 
Lu.  13:  22-30. 
Lu.  13:31-35 
Lu.  14 :  1-24. 


i6  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

loi.  Discourse  on  counting  the  cost. 

Lu.  14 :  25-35. 

102.  Three  parables  of  grace. 

Lu.  ch.  15. 

103.  Two  parables  of  warning. 

Lu.  ch.  16. 

104.  Concerning  forgiveness  and  faith. 

Lu.  17 :  i-io. 

105.  The  raising  of  Lazarus. 

Jo.  II  :  1-46. 

106.  The  withdrawal  to  Ephraim. 

Jo.  1 1  :  47-54. 


Chapter  XXVII.    From  the  Withdratval  to  Ephraim  vintil  the  Final 
arrival  in  Jerusalem. 


107.  The  ten  lepers. 

108.  The  coming  of  the  kingdom. 

109.  The  Pharisee  and  the  publican. 


Lu.  17:  11-19. 
Lu.  17:  20 — 18: 
Lu.  18:  9-14. 


no.  Concerning  divorce. 

Mt.  19:  3-12.  Mk.  10:  2-12. 

111.  Christ  blessing  little  children. 

Mt.  19:  13-15.         Mk.  ID:  13-16.     Lu.  18:  15-17. 

112.  The  rich  young  ruler. 

Mt.  19:  16 — 20:  16.   Mk.  10:  17-31.     Lu.  18:  18-30. 

113.  Christ  foretells  his  crucifixion. 

Mt.  20:  17-19.  Mk.  ID:  32-34.     Lu.  18:  31-34. 

114.  Ambition  of  James  and  John. 

Mt.  20:  20-28.        Mk.  10:  35-45. 

115.  The  blind  men  near  Jericho. 

Mt.  20:  29-34.         Mk.  10:  46-52.     Lu.  iS:  35-43. 

116.  Visit  to  Zacchaeus. 

Lu.  19:  i-io. 

117.  Parable  of  the  Minse. 

Lu.  19:  11-28. 

118.  Anointing  of  Jesus  by  Mary  of  Bethany. 

Mt.  26:6-13.  Mk.  14:3-9.  Jo.  11:55 — 12:11. 


Analytical  Oiiiline.  17 

PART    VIII. 

THE   PASSION  WEEK: 

From  the  Final  Arrival  in  Jerusalem  until  the  Resurrection. 

Chapter  XXVIII.    Sunday.  — A  Day  of  Triumph. 

119.  The  triumphal  entry. 

Mt.  21  :  l-il.  Mk.  il:l-ii.       Lu.  19  :  29-44.  Jo.  12 :  12-19. 

Chapter  XXIX.    Monday.  — A  Day  of  Authority. 

120.  The  cursing  of  the  fig  tree. 

Mt.  21 :  18, 19.        Mk.  11:12-14. 

121.  Second  cleansing  of  the  Temple. 

Mt.  21 :  12-17.        ^Il^-  I'  '■  15-19-    Lu.  19:  45-48. 

[Lu.  21 :  37,  38.] 

Chapter  XXX.    Tuesday.  —  A  Day  of  Conflict. 

122.  The  fig  tree  withered  away. 

Mt.  21  :  20-22.         Mk.  II  :  20-25.^ 

123.  Christ's  authority  challenged. 

Mt.  21  :  23-27.         Mk.  11:27-33.     Lu.  20:1-8. 

1 24.  Three  parables  of  warning. 

Mt.  21  :  28 — 22:  14.    Mk.  12:  I-I2.       Lu.  20:  9-19. 

125.  Three  insidious  questions  by  the  Jewish  rulers. 

Mt.  22:  15-40.        Mk.  12:  13-34.    Lu.  20:  20-40. 

126.  Christ's  unanswerable  question. 

Mt.  22  :  41-46.  Mk.  12  :  35-37.     Lu.  20  :  41-44. 

127.  The  discourse  against  the  scribes  and  Pharisees. 

Mt.  ch.  23.  Mk.  12:  38-40.     Lu.  20:  45-47. 

128.  The  widow's  two  mites. 

Mk.  12  :  41-44.     Lu.  21  :  1-4. 

129.  Gentiles  seeking  Jesus. 

Jo.  1 2 :  20-36. 

130.  The  Jews'  rejection  of  Christ. 

Jo.  12:  37-50. 

3R.  V.  omits  Mk.  ii:  26. 


1 8  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

131.  Discourse  concerning  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  and  the  end 

of  the  world. 
Mt.  chs.  24,  25.  Mk.  ch.  13.  Lu.  21  :  5-38. 

[Mt.  26:  1,2.]  [Mk.  U  :  19.] 

132.  The  conspiracy  between  the  chief  priests  and  Judas. 

Mt.  26  :  1-5.  Mk.  14  :  i,  2.       Lu.  22  :  1-6. 

Mt.  26:  14-16.  Mk.  14:  10,  II. 

Wednesday.  —  A  Day  of  Retirement,  probably  spent  in  Bethany. 

•Chapter  XXXI.    Thursday.  — The  Liast  Day  \v\t\v  the  Disciples. 

133.  The  Last  Supper. 

Mt.  26:  17-35.  Mk.  14:  12-31.  Lu.  22:  7-38.     Jo.  ch.  13. 

134  Christ's  farewell  discourses. 

Jo.  chs.  14,  15, 16. 

135  The  intercessory  prayer. 

Jo.  ch.  17. 

Chapter  XXXII.    Friday.  — The  Day  of  Suflfering. 

136  The  agony  in  Gethsemane. 

[Mt.  26:30.]  [Mk.  14:26.] 

Mt.  26:  36-46.  Mk.  14:  32-42.  Lu.  22:  39-46.  [Jo.  18:  I.] 

137.  The  betrayal  and  arrest. 

Mt.  26:47-56.  INIk.  14:  43-52.  Lu.  22:  47-53.  Jo.  18:  i-ii  [12]. 

138  The  trial  before  the  Jewish  authorities. 

Mt.  26:  57 — 27:  10.  Mk.  14:  53-72.  Lu.  22:  54-71.  Jo.  18:  12-27. 

139  The  trial  before  Pilate. 

Mt.  27  :  [2]  II-31.     Mk.  15:1-20.     Lu.  23:  1-25.     Jo.  18:28 — 19:16. 

140.  The  crucifixion. 

Mt.  27:  32-56.  Mk.  15:  21-41.   Lu.  23  :  26-49.  Jo-  19:  17-37- 

141.  The  burial. 

Mt.  27  :  57-61.  Mk.  15  :  42-47.  Lu.  23  :  50-56.  Jo.  19  :  38-42. 


Chapter  XXXIII.    Saturday.  — The  Day  in  the  Tomb. 

142.  The  watch  at  the  sepulchre. 
Mt.  27 :  62-66. 


Analytical  Outline.  19 

PART    IX. 

THE  FORTY  DAYS: 

From  the  Resurrection  until  the  Ascension. 


Chapter    XXXIV.     The    Day    of  Kesurrectiou.     Christ's    First 
Appearances. 

143.  The  resurrection  morning. 

Mt.  2S:  i-io.         Mk.  16:  i-ii.      Lu.  24:  1-12.     Jo.  20:1-18. 

144.  The  report  of  the  watch. 

Mt.  28:  11-15. 

145.  The  walk  to  Emmaus. 

Mk.  16:12,13.    Lu.  24:13-35. 

146.  The  appearance  to  the  ten  in  Jerusalem. 

Mk.  16:  14.  Lu.  24  :  36-43.    Jo.  20:  19-25. 


Chapter  XXXV.    Subsequent  Appearances  and  the  Ascension. 

147.  The  appearance  to  the  eleven  in  Jerusalem. 

Jo.  20 :  26-29. 

148.  The  appearance  to  the  seven  on  the  Sea  of  Galilee. 

Jo.  21 :  1-24. 

149.  The  appearance  to  the  eleven  on  a  mountain  in  Galilee. 

Mt.  28:  16-20.        Mk.  16:  15-18. 

150.  Christ's  final  appearance  and  his  ascension. 

Mk.  16  :  19,  20.     Lu.  24  :  44-53. 

151.  The  conclusion  of  John's  gospel. 

Jo.  20:  30,31. 

Jo.  21  :  25. 


20 


Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 


INDEX 

For  Finding  any  Passage  in  the  Outline. 


Chap. 


Sec. 


MATTHEW. 

Chap.  Verses.  Sec. 


Chap. 


Verses.        .Sec. 


I 

I-I7 

3 

28-34 

59 

32-38 

72 

18-25 

6 

9 

[0 

60 

39 

73 

[18-25] 

9 

III 

41 

16 

1-12 

73 

2 

1-12 

^3 

2-8 

4' 

13-20 

75 

13-23 

14 

9-13 

42 

21-28 

76 

[23] 

15 

14-17 

43 

17 

1-13 

77 

3 

1-12 

18 

18-26 

60 

14-20* 

78 

13-17 

19 

27-34 

61 

22,  23 

79 

4 

i-ii 

20 

' 

35 

63 

24-27 

80 

12 

34 

36-38 

64 

18 

1-35 

81 

[12] 

31 

10 

1-42 

64 

19 

I,  2 

%^ 

13-16 

37 

[2-4] 

48 

3-12 

1 10 

[17] 

34 

II 

I 

64 

13-15 

I II 

[171 

37 

2-19 

52 

16-30 

1 12 

18-22 

38 

20-30 

87 

20 

1-16 

112 

[^3] 

40 

12 

1-8 

45 

17-19 

r'3 

23-25 

47 

9-14 

46 

20-28 

114 

5 

1-48 

49 

15-21 

47 

29-34 

115 

6 

1-34 

49 

22-45 

55 

21 

i-ii 

119 

7 

1-29 

49 

46-50 

56 

12-17 

I2r 

8 

[0 

49 

13 

1-5  5 

57 

18,  19 

120 

lO 

40  j 

54-58 

62 

20-22 

122 

2-4 

40 

14 

I-[2 

65 

23-27 

123 

5-13 

50 

[3-5] 

34 

28-46 

124 

14-17 

39 

13-23 

66 

22 

1-14 

124 

[18] 

58 

24-36 

67 

15-40 

125 

[i8]l 

86 

15 

1-20 

69 

41-46 

126 

19-22 

86  1 

21-28 

70 

23 

1-39 

127 

23-27 

58 

29-31 

71 

24 

1-5 1 

131 

*  R.  V.  omits  Mt.  17:  21. 


Index  to  Analvtical  Outline. 


Chap. 


Verses. 


Sec. 


MA  77 HEW.  —  Continued. 

Chap.  Verses.  Sec.  Chap. 


Sec. 


25 

1-46 

131 

36-46 

136 

32-56 

140 

26 

[l.^] 

131 

47-56 

137 

57-6t 

141 

1-5 

132 

57-75 

i3« 

62-66 

142 

6-.3 

118 

27 

I-IO 

r3« 

28 

I-IO 

14'^ 

14-16 

132 

[2] 

139 

11-15 

M4 

17-35 

133 

ii-3t 

139 

16-20 

ii9 

[30] 

136 

Verses. 


Sec. 


Chap. 


MARK. 

Verses.  Sec. 


Chap. 


Sec. 


I 

1-8 

i 
18 

30-46 

66 

[19] 

131 

/ 

9-1 1 

19 

47-56 

67 

20-25* 

122 

12,  13 

20 

7 

1-23 

69 

27-33 

123 

[14] 

31 

24-30 

70 

12 

1-12 

124 

14,  15 

34 

3^-37 

71 

13-34 

125 

16-20 

38 

8 

1-9 

72 

35-37 

126 

21-34 

39 

10-21 

73 

38-40 

127 

35-45 

40   I 

22-26 

74 

41-44 

128 

2 

1-12 

41 

27-30 

75 

13 

i-37 

'31 

13-17 

42 

31-38 

76 

14 

1,  2 

■32 

18-22 

43   i 

9 

I 

76 

3-9 

118 

23-28 

45   ' 

2-13 

77 

10,  1 1 

132 

3 

1-6 

46   1 

14-29 

78 

12-31 

133 

7-12 

47 

30-32 

79 

[26] 

136 

13-19^ 

48 

[33«] 

80 

32-42 

,36 

19^-30 

55   : 

33-50 

81 

43-52 

137 

31-35 

56  ! 

10 

I 

86 

53-72 

138 

4 

1-34 

57   - 

2-12 

no 

15 

1-20 

•39 

35-41 

58  j 

13-16 

I II 

21-41 

140 

5 

1-20 

59 

17-31 

112 

42-47 

141 

21-43 

60 

32-34 

113 

16 

i-r  I 

143 

6 

\-6a 

62 

35-45 

114 

12,  13 

145 

6b 

63 

46-52 

115 

14 

146 

7-13 

64  j 

II 

1-11 

119 

15-18 

149 

14-29 

65   ' 

12-14 

120 

19,  20 

150 

[17,  >8] 

34 

15-19 

121 

*  R.  V.  omits  Mk.  11 :  26. 


22 


Handbook  of  the  Life  (f  Christ. 


Chap. 


Verses. 


Sec. 


Chap. 


I^UKE. 

Verses.  Sec. 


Chap. 


Sec. 


I 

1-4 

2 

7 

I-IO 

50 

i6 

1-3 1 

103 

5-25 

4 

11-17 

51 

17 

I-IO 

104 

26-38 

S 

•8-35 

52 

11-19 

107 

39-56 

7 

36-50 

53 

20-37 

108 

57-80 

8 

8 

1-3 

54 

18 

1-8 

108 

2 

1-7 

9 

4-18 

57 

9-14 

109 

8-20 

10 

19-31 

56 

15-17 

III 

21 

II 

22-25 

58 

18-30 

112 

22-39 

12 

26-39 

59 

31-34 

^13 

[39] 

15 

40-56 

60 

35-43 

"5 

40 

15 

9 

1-6 

64 

19 

I-IO 

116 

41-50 

16 

7-9 

65 

11-28 

117 

5^52 

17 

10-17 

66 

29-44 

119 

3 

1-17 

18 

18-21 

75 

45-48 

121 

[18] 

18 

22-27 

76 

20 

1-8 

123 

l8-20 

34 

28-36 

77 

9-19 

124 

21,  23 

'9 

37-43'^ 

78 

20-40 

125 

2.3-38 

3 

43^^-45 

79 

41-44 

126 

4 

I-I3 

20 

46-50 

81 

45-47 

127 

14,  15 

34 

51-62 

86 

21 

1-4 

128 

16-30 

36 

10 

1-24 

87 

5-38 

131 

l\a 

37 

25-37 

88 

[37,38] 

121 

31^-41 

39 

38-42 

89 

22 

1-6 

132 

42-44 

40 

II 

1-13 

93 

7-38 

^11 

5 

I-J I 

38 

14-36 

55 

39-46 

136 

12-16 

40 

37-54 

94 

47-53 

137 

17-26 

41 

12 

1-59 

95 

54-71 

138 

27-32 

42 

13 

1-9 

96 

23 

1-25 

'39 

33-39 

43 

10-21 

97 

26-49 

140 

6 

•-5 

45 

22-30 

98 

50-56 

141 

6- 1 1 

46 

31-35 

99 

24 

1-12 

143 

12-19 

48 

14 

1-34 

100 

13-35 

145 

[^7-19] 

47 

25-35 

lOI 

36-43 

146 

20-49 

49 

15 

1-32 

102 

44-53 

150 

Index  to  A7ialytical  Outline. 


23 


Chap. 


Sec. 


Chap. 


JOHN. 

Verses.  Se 


Chap. 


Sec. 


19-28 

29-34 
35-42 

43-51 
I-II 
12 
13-22 

23-25 
1-2  I 

22 

23-36 

1-3 

[1,2] 
4-26 
27-42 

43-45 
46-54 

1-47 


I 

6 

21 

22 

23  i 

7 

24 

25 

8 

26 

27 

28 

9 

28 

10 

29 

30 

II 

31 

29 

32 

12 

11 

34 

35 

44 

13 

I-I5 

16-21 
22-71 

^-52 

53 

i-ii 
12-30 

31-59 
1-4 1 
1-21 

22-42 

1-46 

47-54 

55-57 

i-ii 

12-19 

20-36 

37-50 
1-38 


66 

67 
68 
82 

84 

85 
90 

91 
92 

106 
n8 
118 
119 
129 
130 


14 
15 
16 

17 
18 


19 


20 


21 


1-31 

1-27 

1-26 
I-II 

[12] 

12-27 
28-40 

I-I6 

17-37 
38-42 

I-I8 
19-25 

26-29 
1-24 

25 


134 
134 
134 

135 
136 

137 
137 

138 

139 
139 

140 

141 
143 

146 

147 

151 
148 

151 


34  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ, 

SAYINGS    OF    CHRIST 

Assigned  by  the  Evangelists  to  More  than  One  Occasion. 


Supplement  to  the  Analytical  Outi-ine. 


To  the  student  of  the  gospels  it  is  a  matter  of  special  interest  to 
determine  the  historical  situation  of  the  sayings  of  Christ.  This 
portion  of  his  task,  however,  is  complicated  by  the  fact  that  many  of 
these  sayings  are  given  by  the  different  synoptic  gospels  in  substan- 
tially the  same  form  but  in  entirely  different  historical  situations.  In 
a  few  instances  the  same  passage  even  occurs  twice  in  one  gospel. 
In  the  present  state  of  knowledge  respecting  the  way  in  which  our 
four  gospels  were  produced  it  is  impossible  to  determine  with  any 
certainty  on  which  of  two  or  more  different  occasions  a  given  say- 
ing was  uttered,  or  whether  on  more  than  one  occasion.  In  the  con- 
struction of  the  Analytical  Outline  we  have  therefore  in  each  instance 
placed  this  discourse  material  in  the  connection  given  to  it  in  the 
gospel  containing  it.  In  no  case  have  we  detached  a  paragraph  of 
Christ's  sayings  from  the  historical  situation  given  it  by  the  evangel- 
ist, or  dissected  what  is  given  in  the  gospels  as  a  discourse,  in 
order  to  bring  similar  discourse  material  into  the  same  section.  In 
thus  assigning  a  double  or  triple  historical  situation  to  similar  or 
practically  identical  sayings  (one  saying  is  referred  by  the  evangel- 
ists to  as  many  as  four  historical  occasions)  we  by  no  means  main- 
tain that  all  of  them  were  spoken  more  than  once.  We  simply  main- 
tain that  in  the  present  state  of  New  Testament  criticism  it  is  quite 
impossible  to  determine  to  which  historical  situation  each  of  the 
parallel  sayings  belongs,  and  which  of  them  were  actually  repeated 
on  more  than  one  occasion. 

The  following  Table  is  designed  to  exhibit  the  principal  instances  of 
this  parallelism  in  the  discourses  of  Christ.  Under  each  section  of 
the  Table  the  figures  in  bold- face   type  designate  passages   which 


Repeated  Sayings  of  Christ.  25 

belong  to  the  corresponding  section  of  the  Analytical  Outline.  The 
figures  in  lighter-face  type  designate  passages  which  are  assigned  by 
the  evangelists  to  a  different  historical  occasion,  yet  are  closely  par- 
allel in  thought  and  language  to  the  passages  opposite  which  they 
stand  ill  this  Table.  In  the  case  of  parallel  passages  occurring  in  the 
same  gospel  we  have  placed  the  citations  in  the  same  column,  con- 
nected by  a  brace. 

It  will  be  observed  that  there  are  at  least  thirty-seven  discourses  of 
Christ,  shorter  or  longer,  which  contain  parallel  matter  of  the  kind 
above  described.  The  Table  is  not  exhaustive,  but  may  be  consid- 
ered approximately  complete.  A  typical  and  interesting  instance  of 
discourse  parallelism  is  found  in  the  parables  of  The  sheep  gone 
astray,  in  section  81,  and  of  The  lost  sheep,  in  section  102  ;  again, 
section  64,  The  mission  of  the  Twelve,  illustrates  the  wide  distribution 
in  the  other  gospels  of  matter  which  forms  one  discourse  in  Matthew  ; 
and  to  add  one  more  instance,  the  often  quoted  text  of  Matt.  16  :  24, 
"  If  any  man  would  come  after  me,  let  him  deny  himself  and  take 
up  his  cross  and  follow  me,"  has  four  parallels,  and  is  assigned  by 
the  evangelists  to  three  different  historical  situations. 

The  Table  will  be  of  service  in  the  study  of  the  teaching  of  Christ 
by  exhibiting  those  passages  of  his  discourses  which  are  assigned  by 
the  evangelists  to  more  than  one  occasion,  and  some  of  which  were 
doubtless  often  repeated  during  his  ministry.  It  is  not  a  full  list  either 
of  the  sayings  of  Christ,  or  of  those  of  his  sayings  which  occur  more 
than  once  in  the  gospels,  but  of  those  only  which  are  assigned  by  the 
evangelists  to  more  than  one  historical  situation.  It  is  thus  distinctly 
supplementary  to  the  Analytical  Outline. 


Table  of  Sayings  of  Christ  Assigned  by  the  Evangelists  to 
More  than  One  Occasion. 


§28.     Discourse  with  Nicodemus. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

16:16  3:18 


26  Haiitibook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

§49.     Sermon  on  the  Mount. 

MATTHEW.                                          MARK.  LUKE.                                           JOHN. 

5:13  9:50  14:34.35 

^     -.=  /8:  16 

^^^^  4:21  |„^33 

5:18  16:17 

5:25,26  12:58,59 

5 :  29,  30 1  „       ,     „ 

18:8,9      I  9:43.47 

^=^^1  10:11  16:18 
19:9    / 

6 :  9-13  11:2-4 

6:19-21  12:33.34 

6:22,23  11:34-36 

6:24  16:  13 

6:25-33  12:22-31 

l\2.b  4:  24i>  6  :  38/' 

10:24  6:40                            13:16 

7:7-11  11:9-13 

7:13,14  13:24 

y  =  ^,t^f'2°|  6:43-45 

12:33-35  / 

7:23  13:27 

§52.    John  the  Baptist's  Last  Message. 

MATTHEW.                                          MARK.  LUKE.                                            JOHN. 

11:12,  13  16:  16 

§55.     Warnings  to  the  scribes  and  Pharisees. 

MATTHEW.                                          MARK.  LUKE.                                           JOHN. 

12:31,32  3:28,29  12:10 

12  :  33-35  ) 

>:  16-18,  20/  6:43-45 

CI-  .0.  ril:33 

5-'^  4:21  js^j^ 

6:22,23  11:34-36 


Repeated  Sayings  cf  Christ. 


27 


§57.    The 

Parables  by  the  Sea. 

MATTHEW. 

MARK. 

LUKE. 

5:15 

4:21 

(8:16 

111:33 

10 :  26 

4:22 

(8:17 

\  12:  2 

7:2^ 

4:243 

6:38/. 

13  :  12  -(^ 

25  :  29     J 

4  :25 

1  8  :  18(^ 

t.  19:  26 

13:31,  32 

4 : 30-32 

13:  18,  19 

13:33 

13  :  20,  21 

JOHN. 


§62.     Second  Rejection  at  Nazareth. 


MATTHEW. 

13:57 


MATTHEW. 

9  :  37,  38 
10 : 7-16 

10  :  17,  18  • 

24  :  9<; 

10  :  19,  20 
10:21 

10  :  22      I 

24:9/;,  13  / 

10:24 
10:  26 
10  :  27-32 
10:33 
10  :  34-36 
10:37 

10  :  38  1 

10:24    I 

10 : 39  \ 

16:25    i 

10:40 
10:42 


6:4 


LUKE.  JOHN. 

(referred  to  in  4  :  44) 


§64.    The  Mission  of  the  Twelve. 

MARK.  LUKE.                                            JOHN. 
10:  2 

6:8-11  |9  =  3-5 
110:3-12 

13:9  21  :  12,  13 

13:11  12:11,  I2| 

^  21  :  14,  15  / 

13:  12  21  :  16                             16: 2 

13:13  21:17                  15:21 

6: 40                             13:  16 

4:22  P:i7 

^  (.  12:  2 

12:3-8 

8:38  (9=26 

•^  I  12:  9 

12:51-53 

14:  26 

8:34  1^4:27 

J^  \  9 :  23 

8:35  jr2f}       ^^=^5 

ID: 16                            13:20 

9:41 


2  8  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

§68.     Discourse  on  the  Bread  of  Life. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

11:27(5  6:46 

§73.    The  Pharisees  and   Sadducees  Demanding  a   Sign  from   Heaven. 

.MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

16:2,3  12:54-56 

§75.     Peter's  Confession. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

i6=in         20:23 

18: 18  /  ^ 


MATTHEW 

16 : 24  \ 

10:38    / 

16:25  \ 

10:39     J 

10:33 


MATTHEW. 
10:  42 

18:6 
18:7 


§76.    Christ  Foretells  his  Death  and  Resurrection. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 


L8  :  8.  9  ) 

:  29,  30    j 


5:  13 

18  :  12,  13 

18 :  15 

18 : 18 \ 

16: 19    / 

18  :  21,  22 


§81. 


8:34 

f  9:23 

114:27 

8:35 

9  :  24  1 

17:33}                   '^=^5 

8:38 

f9:26 

112:9 

Discourse  on 

Humility  and  Forgiveness. 

MARK. 

LUKE.                                            JOHN. 

9:41 

9:42 

17:2 

17  •   I 

9  :  43-47 

9:50 

14:34,35 

It*  A—I 

20 :  23 

17:4 

Repeated  Sayijigs  of  Christ. 
§87.    The  Mission  of  the  Seventy. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

9:37,38  '.-        10:2 

10:7-16  6:8-11  {io:1-12 

10 :  40  10  :  16  13 :  20 

11 :  27/^  6 :  46 

11:27«1  ^ 

28:18      I  Compare  17:2 

§93.     Discourse  on  Prayer. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

6:5-13  11:2-4 

7:7-11  11:9-13 

§94.     Woes  against  the  Pharisees,  uttered  at  a  Pharisee's  Table. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

23 :  25,  26  11 :  39.  40 

23:23  11:42 

23:6,7  12:38,39  {^o^/^f 

23:  27  11  :  44 

23:4  11:46 

23:29,31  11:47,48 

23 :  34-36  11  :  49-51 

23:13  11:52 

§95.    Warnings  against  the  Spirit  of  Pharisaism. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

10:26                          4:22  {12:2 

10 :  27-32  12  :  3-8 

10:33  8:38  {9-fg 

12:31,32  3:28,29  12:10 

10:  19,  20  11:  II  /12:11,  12 

^  121:14,15 


29 


30 

§95- 

MATTHEW. 

6 :  25-33 
6:  19-21 

24 :  43.  44 

24:45-51 
10 :  34-36 
16:  2,  3 
5  :  25,  26 


MATTHEW. 
13:31,32 

MATTHEW. 
7:    13.    14 
7:    23 


MATTHEW. 

23 :  37-39 


MATTHEW. 
23:  12 
22: I-IO 


10:37 

10:38) 
16:24/ 

5:  13 


Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

Warnings  against  the  Spirit  of  Pharisaism. — Continued.. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

12:22-31 

12  :  33,  34 

12  :  39,  40 

12:42-46 

12 : 51-53 

12 : 54-56 

12  :  58,  59 

§97.    The  Woman  Healed  on  a  Sabbath. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

4 :  30-32  13  :  18,  19 
13  :  20,  21 

§98.    The  Question  Whether  Few  are  Saved. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

13:24 

13:27, 

§99.     Reply  to  the  Warning  against  Herod. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

13:34,35 

§100.    Discourse  at  a  Chief  Pharisee's  Table. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

/  14 : 11 

\   18:  14/' 

14:15-24 

§101.    Discourse  on  Counting  the  Cost. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

14:26 

8:34  1^^^^^ 

•*•+  I     9  :  23 

9 :  50  14  :  34,  35 


6:  24 


5:l8 

5:321 
[9:9     / 


Repeated  Sayings  of  Christ. 
§102.    Three  Parables  of  Grace. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

!:  12,  13  15  : 4-7 

§103.      Two    P.\RABLES    OF   WARNING. 
.MATTHEW.  MAKK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

16  :  13 

16:16 

16:17 

10:  II  16:  18 

Cf.  also  §110  in  the  Analytical  Outline. 

§104.      CON'CERNING    FORGIVENESS   AND    FaITH. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

17:1 

9  :  42  17  :  2 

17:3 

17:4 

§108.    The  Coming  of  the  Kingdom. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

17:23,24 

17:26,27 

8    .r  17:33) 

^=35  9,24/  '^=^5 

17  :  34,  35 

17:37 

§109.    The  Pharisee  and  the  Publican. 

MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

r  14:  II 

1 18  :  14^ 

§110.    Concerning  Divorce. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

§117.     Parable  of  the  Minae. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

;:i2l  ^.„  19:26    \ 

;:29;  4.25  8.18^  / 


31 


32  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 
§124.    Three  Pakables  of  Warning. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

22:1-10  14:15-24 

§127.     Discourse  Against  the  Scribes  and  Pharisees. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

23 : 4  II  :  46 

23:6,7  12:38,39  ^  ?P  \t^ 

23:12.  Cj;;:, 

23 :13  II  :  52 

23  :  23  1 1 :  42 

23:25,26  11:39,40 

23  :  27  1 1  :  44 

23:29,31  11:47,48 

23:34-36  11:49-51 

23:37-39  13:3;.  35 

§129.     Gentiles  Seeking  Jesus. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

^°=39|  8:35  ^7:331  12:25 

16:  25  J  •^■'  9  :  24    J 

26:3s  14:34  12:27 

§131.     Discourse  Concerning  the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  and  the 
End  of  the  World. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

24:'^;''}  13:9  21:12,13 

10:19,20  13:11  {21:lVl5 

10:21  13:12  21:16  16:2 

24:9^,13}  13:13  21:17  15:21 

24:26,27  17:23,24 

24:28  17:37 

24:37-39  17:26,27 

24:40,41  17=34.35 

24:43,44  12:39,40 

24:45-51  12:42-46 

25:29)  f    8:  18^ 

13:  12    J  4-5  I  19: 26 


MATTHEW. 

lO:  24 
10:  40 


Repeated  Sayings  of  Christ 
§133.    The  Last  Supper, 

MARK.  LUKE. 

6 :  40 


10:  16 


JOHN. 

13:16 
13:20 


33 


§134.    Christ's  Farewell  Discourses. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

54:9^3}  ^^='^  "^=^7  15:21 

^°'^'  13:12  21:16  16:2 

§136.    The  Agony  in  Gethsemane, 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

26:38  14:34  12:27 

§146.    The  Appearance  to  the  Ten  in  Jerusalem. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

MWl)  20:23 

§149.    The  Appearance  to  the  Eleven  on  a  Mountain  in  Galilee. 

MATTHEW.  MARK.  LUKE.  JOHN. 

16:16  3:18 

II: 27a  \  . 

28:18/  cf.i7:2 


34  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 


METHOD  OF  STUDY. 

Suggestions  to  Teachers  and  Students.^ 


The  aim  determines  the  method.  The  Life  of  Christ  is  a  chapter 
of  the  world's  history,  and  is  to  be  studied  first  of  all  historically. 
The  object  of  the  study  which  the  present  Handbook  is  designed  to 
facilitate  is  to  gain  a  knowledge  of  the  events  of  the  life  of  Jesus  as 
these  are  presented  to  us  in  the  four  gospels,  and  to  form  a  true  con- 
ception of  the  historical  relations  of  this  life.  In  other  words,  it  aims 
to  read  this  life  in  the  true  relation  of  its  events  to  each  other,  and 
against  the  background  of  the  history  of  the  times.  To  accomplish 
this  :  — 

1.  Study  the  historical  background.  The  gospel  writers  assume 
that  their  readers  have  some  knowledge  of  the  times  of  which  they 
write.  Such  knowledge  we  must  acquire  if  we  would  read  the  gospel 
history  intelligently.     In  particular  : — 

{a)  Become  acquainted  with  the  history  of  the  New  Testament 
period,  not  only  of  the  Roman  government  and  the  Gentile  world  in 
general,  but  especially  of  Jewish  life  and  thought  in  Palestine.  A 
bare  skeleton  of  the  leading  events  of  Jewish  history  is  shown  in  the 
table  on  pp.  38  to  40,  and  the  diagram  on  p.  41.  This  skeleton  should 
be  filled  out  by  further  reading.  Some  of  the  books  mentioned  on 
pp.  42  to  45  can  be  used  for  this  purpose. 

(^)  Study  the  geography  of  Palestine,  becoming  familiar  with  its 
main  physical  features,  its  political  divisions,  its  chief  localities. 

2.  Memorize  the  material.  The  facts  of  this  history  are  by  reason 
of  their  transcendent  importance  well  worthy  of  all  necessary  effort 
to  fix  them   in  memory.     Moreover  the  facts  appear  in  their  true 

'  Classes  that  use  the  lessons  of  the  Blakeslee  Graded  Bible  Study  Series  will  of  course  follow 
the  method  there  laid  down.  The  suggestions  here  given  are  intended  for  College  and  Seminary 
classes,  Bible  Clubs,  and  private  students  who  prefer  to  pursue  a  somewhat  independent  method 
ot  study. 


Method  of  Study,  35 

relations  only  to  him  who  has  acquired  an  easy  command  of  them 
as  facts.     In  particular  :  — 

(a)  Learn  the  full  title  of  each  of  the  nine  Parts  into  which  the 
life  of  Jesus  is  divided  in  the  Outline.  Let  this  be  done  at  the  out- 
set, thus  fixing  in  mind  at  the  beginning  the  general  framework  of  the 
whole  gospel  narrative. 

((5)  As  you  take  up  each  Part  or  Chapter,  learn  the  order  of 
events  in  that  Part  or  Chapter.  Some  will  perhaps  prefer  to  learn 
only  the  chapter-titles,  others  only  the  section-titles.  Better  than 
either  of  these  is  to  learn  both  chapter-titles  and  section-titles. 

(^)  From  the  Scripture  passages  cited  under  each  section,  master 
the  historical  substance  of  the  section  —  all  the  more  important  facts 
therein  narrated.  Where  there  are  two  or  more  accounts  it  is  best 
to  select  the  narrative  of  one  of  the  gospels  as  the  basis,  and  then 
compare  the  other  accounts  with  this  one.  Except  in  the  case  of 
brief  passages  of  special  importance  it  is  not  necessary  to  commit 
the  passage  to  memory  verbally.  What  is  important  to  fix  in  mind 
is  not  the  words,  but  the  facts.  Of  the  long  discourses  only  the 
central  thought  or  general  outline  can  be  learned  in  this  study. 

{d)  In  this  part  of  the  work  it  will  be  of  great  help  to  the  student 
to  prepare  his  own  harmony  of  the  gospels  on  the  basis  of  the 
Analytical  Outline.  Paste  in  a  scrapbook  all  the  passages  cited  under 
each  section.  Two  or  three  small  copies  of  the  Revised  Version 
will  be  needed,  and  of  course  for  the  work  itself  not  a  little  time  and 
painstaking.  Some  will  wish  to  insert  engravings,  photographs,  and 
other  illustrative  material. 

3.  Organize  the  Material.  History  is  not  a  succession  of  discon- 
nected events,  but  an  organic  unity.  It  is  this  unity  which  we  seek 
to  construct.     In  particular  :  — 

(<2)  Connect  the  successive  events  together  as  far  as  possible  into 
a  continuous  narrative, 

{b')  Locate  each  event  geographically,  and  trace  the  journeys  of 
Jesus  from  point  to  point. 

(<:)  Make  frequent  reviews  from  the  beginning,  especially  by  nam- 
ing in  order  the  Parts,  Chapters,  and  Sections,  and  by  tracing  the 
movements  of  Jesus  by  means  of  a  map. 


36  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

(yd)  Endeavor  as  a  result  of  these  various  lines  of  study  to  acquire 
a  clearly  defined  conception  of  the  external  life  of  our  Lord  in  its 
historical  setting,  in  its  chronological  order,  and  in  its  organic  unity, 
and  so  far  as  may  be  of  the  inner  life  also  —  his  mental  and 
spiritual  history. 

Observe  that  this  task,  though  large,  has  its  limits.  The  inter- 
pretation of  Christ's  discourses  as  such,  the  formulation  of  his 
doctrines,  the  application  of  his  principles  to  questions  of  personal 
duty  and  of  modern  life,  are  tasks  for  which  our  present  study  will 
lay  secure  foundations,  but  which  are  not  included  in  the  study  of  the 
Life  of  Christ,  as  that  study  is  now  ordinarily  defined. 

The  table  of  Sayings  of  Christ  assigned  by  the  evangelists  to  more 
than  one  historical  situation,  appended  to  the  Analytical  Outline, 
will  be  useful  chiefly  in  this  advanced  study  of  the  teaching  of 
Christ. 

4.  Finally,  and  above  all,  seek  for  spiritual  sympathy  with  this 
unique  person,  and  for  spiritual  insight  into  this  unique  history.  The 
Life  of  Christ  is  biography  ;  it  is  even  more  truly  history  —  the  his- 
tory of  a  great  spiritual  achievement.  Alike  as  biography  and  as 
history,  it  demands  for  its  true  understanding  sympathy  and  insight. 
The  life  of  the  poet  and  the  career  of  the  statesman  can  be  under- 
stood only  by  him  who  brings  to  the  study  of  them  some  measure 
of  sympathy  with  the  person  whose  life  is  studied,  some  power  of 
insight  into  his  plan  and  work.  It  is  not  less  true  respecting  Jesus 
Christ.  The  life  and  work  of  him  who  spake  as  never  man  spake, 
and  lived  as  never  man  lived,  reveal  their  true  meaning  only  to  him 
who  comes  to  their  study  with  a  mind  open  to  the  beauty  and  power 
of  the  life,  and  to  the  grandeur  of  its  far-reaching  plan  for  the 
redemption  of  our  race. 


PRINCIPAL    DIVISIONS, 

WITH 

CALKNDAR    DATKS. 


Note. — The  chronology  of  the  life  of  Christ  cannot  be  definitely  fixed  throughout.  The 
date  of  our  Lord's  birth  cannot  be  later  than  the  early  part  of  B.C.  4,  nor  much  earlier.  With  a 
somewhat  less  degree  of  certainty  a.d.  30  is  fixed  as  the  year  of  the  crucifixion.  Respecting  the 
length  of  the  public  ministry',  especially  as  between  the  so-called  tripaschal  and  quadripaschal 
schemes,  there  is  decided  disagreement  among  authorities  On  the  tripaschal  theory  there  were 
but  three  passovers  in  the  course  of  the  ministry  of  Christ,  and  its  length  was  about  two  and  a 
half  years.  On  the  quadripaschal  theory  there  were  four  passovers,  and  the  ministry  was  about 
three  and  a  half  years  in  length.  The  authors  of  the  present  outline  believe  that  the  evidence  is 
decidedly  in  favor  of  the  longer  chronology. 

The  following  table  shows  the  chronological  limits  of  the  various  periods  of  the  life  of  Christ 
on  the  basis  of  these  three  data,  namely,  the  Birth  not  far  from  the  end  of  B.C.  5  or  the  beginning 
of  B.C.  4,  the  Crucifixion  in  a.d.  30,  the  Ministry  occupying  between  three  and  four  years. 

P.\RT  I. —THE  THIRTY  YEARS  OF  PRIVATE  LIFE:  From  the 
Birth  of  Jesus  until  the  Coming  of  John  the  Baptist.  From  B.C. 
5,  to  the  Summer  of  A.D.  26. 

Part  II.  — THE    OPENING   EVENTS    OF   CHRIST'S    MINISTRY: 

From  the  Coming  of  John  the  Baptist  until  the  Public  Appearance 
of  Jesus  in  Jerusalem.  From  the  Summer  of  A.D.  26,  to  the 
Passover,  April  11,  A.D.  27. 

Part  III.  — THE  EARLY  JUDEAN  MINISTRY:  From  the  Public 
Appearance  of  Jesus  in  Jerusalem  until  his  Return  to  Galilee. 
From  the  Passover,  April  11,  A.D.  27,  to  December,  A.D.  27. 

P.4RT   IV.— FIRST    PERIOD    OF    THE     GALILEAN     MINISTRY: 

From  the  Return  to  Galilee  until  the  Choosing  of  the  Twelve. 
From  December,  A.D.  27,  to  early  Summer,  A.D.  28. 

Part  v.  — SECOND    PERIOD    OF   THE    GALILEAN    MINISTRY: 

From  the  Choosing  of  the  Twelve  until  the  Withdrawal  into  North- 
ern Galilee.  From  early  Summer,  A.D  28,  to  the  Passover, 
April  18,  A.D.  29. 

Part   VL  — THIRD    PERIOD    OF    THE    GALILEAN    MINISTRY: 

From  the  Withdrawal  into  Northern  Galilee  until  the  Pinal  Depart- 
ure for  Jerusalem.  From  the  Passover,  April  18,  A.D.  29,  to 
November,  A.D.  29. 

Part  VII.  — THE  PEREAN  MINISTRY:  From  the  Final  Departure 
from  Galilee  until  the  Final  Arrival  at  Jerusalem.  From  Novem- 
ber, A.D.  29,  to  the  Sunday  before  the  Passover,  April  2, 
A.D.  30. 

Part  VIIL  — THE  PASSION  WEEK:  From  the  Final  Arrival  at  Jeru- 
salem until  the  Resurrection.  From  Sunday,  April  2,  to  Sun- 
day, April  9,  A.D.  30. 

Part  IX. —  THE  FORTY  DAYS:  From  the  Resurrection  until  the 
Ascension.  From  Sunday,  April  9,  to  Thursday,  May  18, 
A.D.  30. 

37 


38  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 


LEADING    EVENTS 


Jkwish    History. 

From  the  Return  from  the  Captivity  to  the  Destruction  of 
Jerusalem  by  the  Romans. 

The  Persian  Period,    536-333  B.C. 

536  B.C.  Return  from  Babylon  under  Zerubbabel. 

459  Ezra  comes  to  Jerusalem. 

445  Nehemiah  comes  to  Jerusalem. 

The  Greek  Period.    333-142  B.C. 

333  By  Alexander's  conquest  of  Persia,  Palestine  comes 

under  Greek  dominion. 

323  In  the  division  of  Alexander's  empire  after  his  death 

Palestine  falls  to  Syria,  but  is  soon  (320)  seized  by 
Ptolemy  and  added  to  Egypt. 

330-203  Palestine  is  subject  for  the  most  part  to  Egypt,  but 

frequent  efforts  are  made  by  Syria  to  acquire  it. 

203-198  Antiochus  III.,  the  Great,  makes  an  effort,  at  length 

successful,  to  wrest  Palestine  from  Egypt  and  sub- 
ject it  to  Syria. 

175-164  Reign   of  Antiochus    Epiphanes ;    he  seeks  by  cruel 

persecution  of  the  Jews  to  compel  them  to  abandon 
their  religion. 


Leading  Events  of  Jewish  History.  39 

167  B.C.  Mattathias    the   Asmonean    raises    a    revolt    against 

Antiochus. 

166-142  Mattathias  dying  is  succeeded  as  leader  by  his  son 

Judas,  surnamed  the  Maccabee,  and  Judas  in  turn 
by  his  brothers,  Jonathan  and  Simon. 

142  Under  Simon  Palestine  throws  off  the  Syrian  yoke. 

Independence  under  the  Asmoneans  (Maccabees) 
142-63  (circa)  B.C. 

141  The  Jews  declare  Simon  high  priest  and  general  and 

ethnarch,  and  make  these  offices  hereditary. 

142-135  Simon. 

135-105  John  Hyrcanus. 

105-104  Aristobulus  I.,  the  first  Asmonean  who  was  called  king. 

104-78  Alexander  Jannaeus. 

78-70  Queen  Alexandra. 

70  Queen  Alexandra  dying  leaves  two  sons ;    Hyrcanus 

II.  conquered  by  Aristobulus  II.  in  battle  is  com- 
pelled to  surrender  to  him  both  the  highpriestly 
and  the  civil  power.  Antipater,  the  Idumean,  takes 
the  side  of  Hyrcanus,  and  a  struggle  ensues, 

70-63  Aristobulus  II. 

The  Roman  Period.    63  B.C.-70  A.D. 

63  The  Roman   general    Pompey  being  appealed  to  by 

both  Hyrcanus  and  Aristobulus,  sides  with  Hyrcanus 
and  Antipater,  and  captures  Jerusalem. 

63-40  Hyrcanus  II. 

47  Julius  Caesar  appoints  Antipater  procurator  of  Judea, 

Hyrcanus  ethnarch  and  high-priest.  Antipater  is 
the  real  ruler.  He  appoints  his  son  Herod  governor 
of  Galilee. 


40  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ 

40  B.C.  Herod  is  appointed  by  the  Roman   Senate   king  of 

Judea. 

37  Herod   conquers   Antigonus,  son   of  Aristobulus  II., 

captures  Jerusalem  and  becomes  king  in  fact. 
Thus  the  Idumean  dynasty  supplants  the  Asmonean. 

4  B.C.  Death  of  Herod.     His  kingdom  divided  among   his 

sons. 

6  A.D.  Archelaus,  ethnarch  of  Judea,  banished  ;   Judea   be- 

comes an  equestrian  province  under  a  procurator. 

34  Phihp  tetrarch  of  northeast   Palestine  dies,  and    his 

territory  is  added  to  the  Roman  province  of  Syria. 

37  Herod  Agrippa  I.  receives  the  territories  of  Philip  and 

Lysanias,  and  the  title  of  king. 

39  Herod  Antipas  deposed  and  banished,  and  his  territory 

(soon  after)  added  to  that  of  Agrippa. 

41  Judea   also   given   to   Agrippa ;    all    Palestine    again 

under  a  Herodian  prince. 

44  Agrippa  I.  dies  and  all  Palestine  is  placed  under  a 

Roman  procurator  subject  to  the  supervision  of  the 
governor  of  Syria. 

53  Agrippa   II.   receives   the    territories    of    Philip    and 

Lysanias,  and  the  title  of  king.  To  this  territory 
was  afterward  added  a  part  of  Galilee  and  Perea. 
Southern  Palestine  remains  under  a  Roman  procu- 
rator. 

66-73  Judeo-Roman  War. 

70  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  by  the  Romans. 


Palestine  from  the  Accession  of  Herod  to  the  Beginning 
OF  THE  JuD^o- Roman  War. 


All  Palestine  under 
Herod  the  Great  as  King. 


under  Archelaus, 
as  Ethnarch. 


Under 

Roman 

procurators. 


ITUR>EA, 

TRACHONITIS, 

etc. 

under 
Philip  as 
tetrarch. 


34 
37 


GALILEE 

AND 

PER.«A 

under 
Herod 

Antipas 
as 

tetrarch. 


Under  Herod  Agrippa  I.  as  King. 


Under 

Roman 
procurators. 


Roman 


procurators. 


S3  — 1 


Herod 

Agrippa  H 

as  King. 


In  part  under 
Agrippa  H. 


1 37>  B.C. 


4,  B.C. 


39,  A.  D. 
44,  A. D. 


66,  A.D. 


42  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 


BOOKS    RECOMMENDED 


REFERENCK    AND    STUDY. 


I.     HISTORY    OF   THE   NEW   TESTAMENT   TIMES, 

From  the  Rise  of  the  Maccabees,  175  B.C.,  to  the  Destruction  of  Jeru- 
salem, A.D.  70. 

Josephus,  Works.     In  various  editions. 

Outside  of  the  New  Testament  the  most  valuable  original  source  on  this 
subject.  His  principal  works  are  The  Antiquities  of  the  Jews,  and  The 
Jewish  War.  The  most  recent  annotated  edition  for  English  readers  is 
Shilleto's,  in  Bohn's  Library.  The  best  translation  of  The  Jewish  War  is  that 
of  Traill,  London,  1862. 

The  Old  Testament  Apocryphal  Books. 

I  Maccabees  should  especially  be  read;  this  book  covers  a  period  of  forty 
years,  from  175  to  135  B.C.,  and  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  sources  outside 
of  the  Old  Testament  for  the  history  of  the  Jewish  people. 

Concerning  other  remains  of  Jewish  literature  belonging  to  those  times, 
Schiirer  gives  full  information  in  the  work  next  named.  The  Schaff-Herzog 
Encyclopaedia  may  also  be  consulted  to  advantage.  See  the  two  articles : 
Apocrypha  of  the  Old  Testament;  Pseudepigrapha  of  the  Old  Testament. 
See  also  the  article.  Apocalyptic  Literature,  in  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica. 

Schiirer,  History  of  the  Jewish  People  in  the  Time  of  Jesus  Christ.     English 
translation.     5  vols.     Edinburgh,  1 885-90 ;   New  York,  1891. 

Schiirer  is  the  ablest  living  authority  on  this  subject.  His  investigations 
go  back  to  original  sources,  and  his  work  abounds  in  full  and  exact  references 
to  the  ancient  authorities.  In  matters  of  biblical  criticism  Schiirer's  conclusions 
are  by  no  means  to  be  accepted  without  question,  but  he  is  universally 
recognized  as  a  candid  and  truth-loving  scholar. 

Ewald,  History  of  Israel.  English  translation.  Vols,  v,  vi.  London,  1874-83. 
The  whole  work  is  one  of  vast  research  and  of  original  power  in  the  inter- 
pretation of  the  epochs  and  movements  of  history.  Many  of  its  ideas  have 
been  popularized  by  Dean  Stanley  in  his  Lectures  on  the  Jewish  Church. 
Ewald's  sixth  volume  is  entitled :  Life  and  'I'imes  of  Jesus  Christ.  Likc- 
Neander  and  Lange,  mentioned  below,  Ewald  is  not  designed  for  the  general 
reader,  but  will  be  of  great  help  to  a  discriminating  student  or  teacher. 


Books  Recommended  for  Reference  and  Study.  43 

Milman,    History    of  the  Jews.     First   edition,    London,  1S29;    Third   edition, 
slightly  revised,  1863. 

Stanley,  Lectures  on  the  Jewish  Church.     Third  Series.     New  York,  1876. 

Schaff,  History    of   the    Christian  Church.     New  edition.     Vol.  i.     New  York, 
1882. 

Teachers  will  find  this  first  volume  of  Schaff  useful  for  its  comprehensive 
survey  of  the  history  of  the  first  century,  and  for  its  references  to  literature, 
particularly  its  characterization  of  the  principal  German  authors. 

Smith,  New  Testament  History.     New  York,  1866. 

A  compact  textbook,  very  useful  to  those  who  have  not  access  to  larger 
works. 

Seidel,  In  the  Time  of  Jesus.     English  translation.     London,  1885. 

A  brief  readable  monograph,  giving  the  main  facts  in  clear  and  succinct 
form.     Its  account  of  "  The  Jewish  World  "  is  particularly  good. 

Edersheim,  The  Temple  and  its  Ministry. 

Indispensable  for  a  knowledge  of  the  Jewish  festivals,  and  of  the  temple 
worship  and  services  in  the  time  of  our  Lord.  It  forms  a  compact  and  thor- 
ough manual  on  that  portion  of  Jewish  archceology. 

II.     GEOGRAPHY    OF    PALESTINE. 

Robinson,  Biblical  Researches  in  Palestine  and  the  Adjacent  Regions.     Third 
edition,  3  vols.     Boston,  1867. 

Stanley,  Sinai  and  Palestine.     Various  editions. 

No  more  interesting  introduction  to  the  geography  of  Palestine  has  yet 
been  written.     It  needs,  however,  to  be  supplemented  by  more  recent  works. 

Henderson,  Palestine.     Edinburgh,  1884. 

A  brief  textbook  incorporating  the  results  of  recent  research. 

McGarvey,  Lands  of  the  Bible.     Philadelphia,  1891. 

Thomson,  The  Land  and  the  Book.     First  edition  in  2  vols.     New  York,  1858; 
new  edition  in  3  vols.,  1880-85. 

Johnston,  Bible  Atlas.     Edinburgh,  1881. 

An  inexpensive  collection  of  fairly  good  maps. 

Osborn,  Wall  Map  of  Palestine.     Oxford,  Ohio. 

Well  adapted  for  a  wall  map ;  with  easily  legible  names.  Issued  in  two 
sizes,  by  the  University  Publishing  Co.,  Oxford,  Ohio. 

Palestine    Exploration    Fund,    Old   and   New  Testament    Map    of  Palestine. 
London, I 890. 

No  other  map  embodies  so  fully  the  results  of  recent  surveys  and  dis- 
coveries, but  it  is  too  full  and  minute  to  be  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  a 
wall  map. 


44  Handbook  of  the  Life  of  Christ. 

Fischer  und  Giithe,  Handkarte  von  Palestina,     Leipzig,  1890. 

A  hand-map  based  on  the  most  recent  surveys.  Barring  its  use  of  Ger- 
man names,  the  most  useful  map  for  students'  use. 

Picturesque  Palestine.     2  volumes.     New  York,  1881. 
III.     LIFE    OF    CHRIST. 

Andrews,  Life  of  Our  Lord.     New  edition.     New  York,  1892. 

An  invaluable  aid  to  the  teacher  and  to  the  independent  student.  Ques- 
tions of  geography,  chronology,  and  harmony  are  thoroughly  discussed,  with 
reference  to  a  wide  range  of  authorities.  Its  chronology  is  mainly  based  on 
the  calculations  of  Wieseler,  though  not  entirely  conformed  to  his  conclusions. 
Criticism  of  the  sources  is  not  within  its  scope;  no  attempt  is  made  to  discuss 
the  origin  of  the  Gospels,  or  the  relation  of  the  four  to  one  another. 

Hanna,  Life  of  Christ.     1869.     Various  editions. 

For  purposes  of  practical  instruction  and  for  general  reading  hardly  sur- 
passed.    Published  in  one  volume  by  the  American  Tract  Society. 

Edersheim,  Life  and  Times  of  Jesus  the  Messiah.     2  vols.     New  York,  1883. 

Edersheim,  like  Neander,  was  by  birth  a  Jew,  but  became  a  convert  to  the 
Christian  faith.  His  work  is  especially  valuable  for  its  exposition  of  Hebrew 
thought  and  life.  The  first  eight  chapters  furnish  a  comprehensive  survey  of 
the  Jewish  world  in  the  time  of  our  Lord.  A  one-volume  abridgment  of 
this  work  is  entitled :  Jesus  the  Messiah. 

Farrar,  in  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica,  ninth  edition,  Article  Jesus. 

Neander,    Life   of  Christ.      English   translation    from    fourth   German    edition. 
1848. 

Lange,    Life    of  Christ.     English  translation.     6  vols.     Edinburgh,  1864.     An 
American  edition  in  4  vols. 

All  subsequent  writers  have  been  indebted  to  the  masterly  works  of  Neander 
and  Lange.  In  Lange's  voluminous  work  there  is  much  arbitrary  and  fanciful 
interpretation;  many  of  the  "Notes'"  embodied  in  the  text  are  rendered 
comparatively  valueless  by  later  research;  still,  its  fervor,  insight,  and  pro- 
found grasp  of  scriptural  truth,  place  it  in  the  first  rank  among  the  lives  of 
Christ. 

Stalker,  Life  of  Jesus  Christ.     Various  editions. 

Pressense,    Jesus   Christ:    His   Times,    Life,  and   Work.     English   translation. 
Second  edition.     New  York,  1868. 

An  able  and  eloquent  presentation  of  the  leading  phases  in  our  Lord's  life 
and  ministry.  Its  point  of  view  is  that  of  the  moderately  liberal  school  of 
French  Protestantism. 

Didon,  Life  of  Jesus  Christ.     English  translation.     2  vols.     New  York,  1891. 

Eloquently  written,  and  exhibiting  our  Lord's  life  from  the  point  of  view  of 
a  Roman  Catholic  and  a  scholar. 


Books  Recommended  for  Reference  and  Study.  45 

IV.     OTHER    BOOKS    FOR    REFERENCE    AND    READING. 

Smith,  Dictionary  of  the  Bible.     American  edition.     Edited  by   Hackett   and 
Abbot.     4  vols.     Boston,  1868. 

Kitto,  Cyclopedia  of  Biblical  Literature.     Third  edition.     3  vols.     Philadelphia, 
1862. 

Schaff-Herzog,  Religious  Encyclopoedia.     Third  edition.     4  vols.     New  York, 

18S7. 

Schaff,  Bible  Dictionary.     Philadelphia. 

Jackson,  Concise  Dictionary  of  Religious  Knowledge.     New  York,  1891. 

Wieseler,  Chronological  Synopsis  of  the  Four  Gospels.     English  translation. 
Second  edition.     London,  1877. 

Gardiner,  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels  in  Greek.     Andover,  1871. 

Robinson,  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels  in  Greek.     Revised  edition  by  Riddle. 
Boston,  1885. 

There  are  also  editions  of  both  Gardiner  and  Robinson  which  substitute 
the  English  of  the  Authorized  Version  for  the  Greek  Text. 

Waddy,  A  Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  the  Revised  Version.     London,  1887. 

Fisher,  Beginnings  of  Christianity.     New  York,  1877. 

Bissell,  BibHcal  Antiquities.     New  York,  1888. 

Merrill,  Galilee  in  the  Time  of  Christ.     Boston,  1881. 

Bushnell,  The  Character  of  Jesus.     New  York,  1884. 

UUmann,  The  Sinlessness  of  Jesus.     Various  editions. 

Van  Oosterzee,  The  Person  and  Work  of  the  Redeemer.     London,  1886. 


Any  of  the  above-named  books  furnished  at  the  lowest  possible  rates  by  THE 
BIBLE  STUDY  PUBLISHING  COMPANY,   Boston,  Mass. 


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